This phylogeny is based off work done for the UC Museum of
Paleontology in 2008. A work in progress, the objective is
to complete the phylogeny to "family" for all extant groups,
to order for extinct lineages. This is a multi-year task,
and too big for one person. If you have a minute,
please consider contributing to the
project. Even just common name tags for nodes are very helpful!
Last Updated: 2010/02/04.
Updated Xenarthra (slight), tags, collapse points, typo in Strepsirrhini.
Systematics for this phylogeny: The
following phylogeny consists of a well-accepted phylogenetic
layout of animals, going until extant families. Low-level
(i.e., more specific) nodes have common names first, with
taxonomic names in parenthesis for ease of the general
public. Placement of a node is based on a composite by the
sources cited at the bottom, with the most recent
publication taking precedence. The only non-peer reviewed
source is the "Tree of Life" project, which itself cites its
phylogenies; however, due to its dynamical nature, it is the
last resource used.
A resolved phylogeny, even if speculative, is given priority
to a phylogeny which contains polytomies.
How to use and read: To recollapse a
portion of the tree, just click on it again. A "?" in front
of a name indicates that its phylogenetic placement is
uncertain, and a dagger (
) indicates
that the node and all its descendants are extinct. A "*"
indicates that the node is known to be paraphyletic, and
"**" indicates that an uncertain number of its child nodes
are known to be paraphyletic (though the main node is not).
Three stars (***) indicate both of these conditions.
Searching for a node highlights its child nodes in a
box. Making this more general is a work in progress.
Linking: Since this project is constantly
expanding, links to a particular node may not be stable in
the long run. For stable links, use the search function to
get to a node you want, and use the resulting permalink.
Quicklinks:
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Metazoa / Coelomata
|
 Deuterosomes
|
Chordata
|
Vertebrata
|
Jawed Fishes (Gnathostomata)
|
Bony Fishes (Osteichthyes)
|
Fleshy-finned Fishes (Sarcopterygii)
|
Tetrapoda
|
Amniota
|
Sauropsidareptile,reptilia
|
Diapsida
|
Neodiapsida
|
Sauria
|
Archosauromorpha
|
Avesuchia
|
Ornithodira
|
Dinosauria
|
Saurischia
|
Theropoda
|
Tetanurae
|
Avetheropoda / Neotetanurae
|
Coelurosauriafeathers
|
(Unnamed)
|
(Unnamed)
|
Maniraptoraraptors
|
Eumaniraptora
|
Avialaebirds
|
Aves
|
Pygostylia
|
Ornithothoraces
|
Ornithomorpha
|
Ornithurae
|
Carinatae
|
Neornithes
|
Neognathae
|
Neoaves**
|
'Land Birds'
|
(Unnamed)
|
(Unnamed)
|
(Unnamed)
|
(Unnamed)
|
Passeriformes
|
|
Oscines
|
|
Suboscines
|
|
|
Psittaciformes
|
|
|
Falconiformes
|
|
Cariamae
|
|
Phorusrhacidaeterror bird
|
|
Seriemas (Cariamidae)
|
|
|
(Unnamed)
|
(Unnamed)
|
(Unnamed)
|
(Unnamed)
|
(Unnamed)
|
Coraciiformes
|
|
Classical coraciiformes*
|
|
Piciformes
|
|
|
Bucerotiformes
|
|
|
Trogoniformes
|
|
|
Cuckoo roller (Leptosomatidae)
|
|
(Unnamed)
|
|
Coliiformes
|
|
Stirigiformes
|
|
|
(Unnamed)
|
|
Accipitriformes
|
|
New world vultures (Cathartidae)
|
| |
|
|
Charadriiformes
|
|
(Unnamed)
|
(Unnamed)
|
(Unnamed)
|
'Water birds'
|
(Unnamed)
|
(Unnamed)
|
|
Procellariiformes
|
|
Sphenisciformespenguin
|
|
Pelecaniiformes
|
|
Classical pelecaniiformes*
|
|
Ciconiiformes*
|
|
|
|
Gaviiformes
|
|
|
Musophagiformes
|
|
(Unnamed)
|
(Unnamed)
|
|
Gruiformes
|
|
Cuculiformes
|
|
|
Otididae
|
|
|
|
Opisthocomiformes
|
|
(Unnamed)
|
(Unnamed)
|
Caprimulgiformes
|
(Unnamed)
|
|
Apodiformes
|
|
Owlet-nightjars (Aegothelidae)
|
|
|
Classical caprimulgiformes*
|
|
(Unnamed)
|
|
Sunbittern (Eurypygidae)
|
|
Kagu (Rhynochetidae)
|
|
|
(Unnamed)
|
(Unnamed)
|
(Unnamed)
|
(Unnamed)
|
|
Columbiformes
|
|
Mesites (Mesitornithidae)
|
|
Pteroclidiformes
|
|
Sandgrouse (Pteroclididae)
|
|
|
|
Tropicbirds (Phaethontidae)
|
|
(Unnamed)
|
|
Phoenicopteriformes
|
|
Podicepidiformes
|
| | |
|
Galloanserae
|
Galliformes
|
|
Incomplete
|
|
Incomplete
|
|
Anseriformes
|
|
Incomplete
|
|
Incomplete
|
| |
|
Palaeognathaepaleognath,ratite
|
(Unnamed)
|
(Unnamed)
|
(Unnamed)
|
(Unnamed)
|
(Unnamed)
|
|
Cassowaries (Casuariidae)
|
|
Emu (Dromaiidae)
|
|
|
Kiwis (Apteryigidae)
|
|
|
Dinornithidae
|
|
Tinamformes
|
|
Aridland tinamous (Nothurinae)
|
|
Forest tinamous (Tinaminae)
|
|
|
|
Rheas (Rheidae)
|
|
(Unnamed)
|
(Unnamed)
|
|
Struthiolithus
|
|
Aepyornithidae
|
|
|
Ostriches (Struthionidae)
|
| |
|
|
Ichthyornis
|
|
|
Hesperornis
|
|
|
Patagopteryx
|
|
Enantiornithes
|
|
Euenantiornithes
|
(Unnamed)
|
|
Noguerornis
|
|
Iberomesornis
|
| |
|
|
Confusiusornithidae
|
|
|
Archaeopteryx
|
|
Alvarezsauridae
|
(Unnamed)
|
|
(Unnamed)
|
|
Patagonykus
|
|
|
Alvarezsaurus
|
|
|
Deinonychosauriaraptors
|
|
Dromaeosauridaevelociraptor,deinonychus,utahraptor
|
|
Troodontidae
|
|
|
(Unnamed)
|
|
Oviraptorosauria
|
|
Therizinosauroidea
|
|
|
|
Ornithomimosauria
|
|
|
Tyrannosauroidea
|
|
|
Compsognathidae
|
|
Carnosauria
|
(Unnamed)
|
|
Allosauridae
|
|
Sinraptoridae
|
|
|
Carcharodontosauridae
|
|
|
(Unnamed)
|
|
Spinosauroidea
|
|
Szechuanosaurus
|
|
|
|
Ceratosauria
|
|
Sauropodomorpha
|
(Unnamed)
|
Anchisauria
|
Sauropoda
|
Eusauropoda
|
Neosauropoda
|
Macronaria
|
Camarasauromorpha
|
(Unnamed)
|
Titanosauriformes
|
Titanosauria
|
(Unnamed)
|
|
Saltasauridae
|
|
Titanosauridae
|
|
|
Malawisaurus
|
|
|
Phuwiangosaurus
|
|
Brachiosauridae
|
|
Brachiosaurus
|
|
Girraffatitan
|
|
|
|
Camarasauridae
|
|
|
Jobaria
|
|
Diplodocoidea
|
Flagellicaudata
|
|
Dicraeosauridae
|
|
Diplodocidae
|
|
(Unnamed)
|
|
Nigersaurus
|
|
Rebbachisaurus
|
| |
|
|
Mamenchisauridae
|
|
|
Cetiosauridae
|
|
(Unnamed)
|
|
Anchisauridae
|
|
Melanorosaurus
|
|
Aardonyx
|
|
|
Prosauropoda
|
|
Plateosauridae
|
|
Massospondylidae
|
|
|
|
Saturnalia
|
|
|
Ornithischia
|
Cerapoda
|
Ornithopoda
|
Euornithopoda
|
(Unnamed)
|
|
Hadrosauridaeduck,billed,duck-billed
|
|
Iguanodon
|
|
Ouranosaurus
|
|
|
Hypsilophodontidae
|
|
|
Heterodontosauridae
|
|
Marginocephalia
|
|
Pachycephalosauriapachycephalosaurus
|
|
Ceratopsiatriceratops,styracosaurus,protoceratops
|
|
|
Thyreophora
|
|
Stegosauriastegosaurus
|
|
Ankylosauriaarmor,club
|
| |
|
Pterosauria
|
(Unnamed)
|
(Unnamed)
|
(Unnamed)
|
(Unnamed)
|
Pterodactyloidea
|
Lophocratia
|
Ctenochasmatoidea
|
(Unnamed)
|
|
Pterodactylus
|
|
Lonchodectidae
|
|
Ctenochasmatidae
|
|
|
Cycnorhamphus
|
|
Azhdarchoidea
|
|
(Unnamed)
|
|
Tapejaridae
|
|
Dsungaripteroidea
|
|
Germanodactylus
|
|
Dsungaripteridae
|
|
|
Ornithocheiroidea
|
Euornithocheiroidea
|
(Unnamed)
|
|
Pteranodontidae
|
|
Nyctosaurus
|
|
|
Ornithocheiridae
|
|
|
Istiodactylidae
|
|
|
(Unnamed)
|
|
Scaphognathidae
|
|
Rhamphorhynchinae
|
|
|
|
Campylognathoididae
|
|
|
Anurognathidae
|
|
|
Dimorphodontidae
|
|
|
Preondactylus
|
|
|
Crocodylomorpha
|
Crocodylia
|
Mesoeucrocodylia
|
Metasuchia
|
Neosuchia
|
Eusuchia
|
(Unnamed)
|
|
Crocodiles (Crocodylidae)
|
|
Gharial and False Gharial (Gavialidae)
|
|
|
Alligators (Alligatoridae)
|
|
|
Bernissartia
|
|
(Unnamed)
|
|
Goniopholidiae
|
|
Dyrosauridae
|
|
|
|
Notosuchidae
|
|
|
Thalattosuchia
|
|
|
Sphenosuchidae
|
|
|
|
Euparkeria
|
|
Lepidosauromorpha
|
Lepidosauria
|
Squamatalizards,snakes
|
Scleroglossa
|
Autarchoglossa
|
Scincomorpha
|
Lacertoidea
|
Lacertiformes
|
Teioidea
|
|
Gymnopthalmidae
|
|
Teiidae
|
|
|
Larcertidae
|
|
|
Xantusiidae
|
|
Scincoidea
|
(Unnamed)
|
|
Cordylidae
|
|
Gerrhosauridae
|
|
|
Scincidae
|
|
|
Anguimorpha
|
(Unnamed)
|
(Unnamed)
|
|
Anguidae
|
|
Xenosauridae
|
|
|
Shinisauridae
|
|
Varanoidea
|
(Unnamed)
|
|
Monitor Lizards (Varanidae)
|
|
Lanthanotidae
|
|
|
Gila Monsters (Helodermatidae)
|
| |
|
? Serpentessnakes
|
(Unnamed)
|
Alethinophidea
|
(Unnamed)
|
Macrostomata
|
(Unnamed)
|
Caenophidia
|
Colubroidea
|
(Unnamed)
|
(Unnamed)
|
(Unnamed)
|
(Unnamed)
|
(Unnamed)
|
(Unnamed)
|
|
Atractaspididae
|
|
Boodontidae
|
|
|
Elapidae
|
|
|
Colubridae
|
|
|
Homalopsidae
|
|
|
Viperidae
|
|
|
Pareatidae
|
|
|
Xenodermatidae
|
|
|
Acrochordidae
|
|
(Unnamed)
|
(Unnamed)
|
(Unnamed)
|
|
Boidae
|
|
Calabariidae
|
|
|
Bolyeriidae
|
|
(Unnamed)
|
(Unnamed)
|
|
Pythonidae
|
|
Loxocemidae
|
|
|
Xenopeltidae
|
|
|
Uropeltidae
|
|
|
|
Xenophidiidae
|
|
(Unnamed)
|
|
Aniliidae
|
|
Tropidophiidae
|
|
|
|
Anomochilidae
|
|
|
Anomalepididae
|
|
Scolecophidea
|
|
Leptotyphlopidae
|
|
Typhlopidae
|
|
|
|
? Amphisbaenia
|
|
Geckos (Gekkonidae)
|
|
Iguania
|
Iguanidae
|
|
Corytophaninae
|
|
Crotaphytinae
|
|
Hoplocercinae
|
|
Iguaninae
|
|
Oplurinae
|
|
Phyrnosomatinae
|
|
Polychrotinae
|
|
Tropidurinae*
|
|
Acrodonta
|
|
Agamidae*
|
|
Chamaeleonidae
|
| |
|
|
Rhynchocephalia
|
|
Sauropterygiamarine reptile
|
Eosauropterygia
|
Eusauropterygia
|
Pistosauroidea
|
Pistosauria
|
Plesiosauria
|
Pliosauroidea
|
|
Pliosauridae
|
|
Rhomaleosauridae
|
|
Plesiosauroidea
|
Euplesiosauria
|
Cryptocleidoidea
|
Tricleidia
|
|
Polycotylidae
|
|
Cimoliasauridae
|
|
|
Cryptoclididae
|
|
|
Elasmosauridae
|
|
|
Plesiosauridae
|
|
|
|
Pistosauridae
|
|
|
Corosaurus
|
|
|
Nothosauria
|
|
|
Pachypleurosauria
|
|
|
? Placodontia
|
|
? Thalattosauriformes
|
|
|
? Mosasauridae
|
|
|
|
? Icthyosauria
|
|
|
Araeoscelidia
|
|
? Anapsida
|
? Testudinesturtle,tortoise
|
Casichelydia
|
Cryptodira
|
Testudinoidea
|
Testudinoidae
|
|
Testudinidae
|
|
Bataguridae
|
|
|
Emydidae
|
|
Trionychoidae
|
|
Trionychidae
|
|
Carettochelyidae
|
|
Kinosternoidae
|
|
Dermatemydidae
|
|
Kinosternidae
|
|
Chelonioidea
|
|
Cheloniidae
|
|
Dermochelidae
|
|
|
Cheyldridae
|
|
Pluerodira
|
(Unnamed)
|
|
Pelomedusidae
|
|
Podocnemidae
|
|
|
Chelidae
|
|
|
|
Proganochelydae
|
| |
|
Synapsida
|
Cynodontia
|
Mammalia
|
Theria
|
Eutheriaepitheria
|
Placentalia
|
Boreoeutheria
|
Laurasiatheria
|
(Unnamed)
|
Ferungulata
|
Cetartiodactyla
|
Selenodontia
|
Neoselenodontia
|
Tylopoda
|
Cetacea
|
Archaeoceti
|
(Unnamed)
|
(Unnamed)
|
(Unnamed)
|
(Unnamed)
|
(Unnamed)
|
(Unnamed)
|
Autoceta
|
Mysticeti
|
(Unnamed)
|
(Unnamed)
|
|
Balaenopteridae
|
|
Eschrichtidae
|
|
|
Neobalaenidae
|
|
|
Balaenidae
|
|
Odontoceti
|
(Unnamed)
|
Delphinida
|
(Unnamed)
|
Delphinoidea
|
(Unnamed)
|
|
Delphinidae
|
|
Phocoenidae
|
|
|
Monodontidae
|
|
|
Iniidae
|
|
|
Platanistoidea
|
|
|
Ziphoidea
|
|
|
Physeteroidea
| |
|
|
Basilosauridae
|
|
|
Dorudon
|
|
|
Protocetus
|
|
|
Cross Whale
|
|
|
Remingtonocetus
|
|
|
Ambulocetus
|
|
|
Pakicetus
|
|
|
Nalacetus
|
|
|
Hippos (Hippopotamidae)
|
|
Ruminantia
|
Pecora
|
Cervoidea
|
(Unnamed)
|
(Unnamed)
|
|
Deer (Cervidae)
|
|
Musk Deer (Moschidae)
|
|
|
Cows, antelope, etc. (Bovidae)
|
|
|
Giraffes (Giraffidae)
|
|
|
Pronghorn (Antilocapridae)
|
|
|
Chevrotains (Tragulidae)
|
|
|
|
Camels, Lama, and alpacas (Camelidae)
|
|
Suina
|
|
Pigs (Suidae)
|
|
Peccaries (Tayassuidae)
|
|
|
(Unnamed)
|
(Unnamed)
|
Carnivora
|
Caniformiadogs
|
Arctoideabears
|
(Unnamed)
|
Musteloidea
|
(Unnamed)
|
(Unnamed)
|
|
Racoons (Procyonidae)
|
|
Weasels and Otters (Mustelidae)
|
|
|
Skunks (Mephitidae)
|
|
|
Red Panda (Ailuridae)
|
|
Pinnipedia
|
Otarioidea
|
|
Sea Lions (Otariidae)
|
|
Walruses (Odobenidae)
|
|
|
Seals (Phocidae)
|
|
|
|
Ursidaebears
|
|
|
Canidaedogs
|
|
Feliformiacats
|
(Unnamed)
|
(Unnamed)
|
(Unnamed)
|
(Unnamed)
|
|
Mongooses and meerkats (Herpestidae)
|
|
Madagascar mongooses (Eupleridae)
|
|
|
Hyenas (Hyaenidae)
|
|
|
Civets (Vivveridae)
|
|
|
Felidaecats
|
|
|
African Palm Civet (Nandiniidae)
|
|
|
|
Pholidota
|
|
Perissodactyla
|
Lophodontomorpha
|
|
Hippomorpha
|
Tapirmorpha
|
Ceratomorpha
|
|
Rhinoceros (Rhinocerotidae)
|
|
Tapiridae
|
|
|
Chalicotheriidae
|
|
|
|
? Brontotheroidea
|
| |
|
Chiropterabats
|
Microchiroptera
|
Yangchiroptera
|
|
(Unnamed)
|
(Unnamed)
|
(Unnamed)
|
(Unnamed)
|
|
Leaf-nosed bats (Phyllostomidae)
|
|
Naked-backed bats (Mormoopidae)
|
|
|
Fishing bats (Noctilionidae)
|
|
|
Short-tailed bats (Mystacinidae)
|
|
(Unnamed)
|
(Unnamed)
|
(Unnamed)
|
|
Funnel-eared bats (Natalidae)
|
|
Smoky bats (Furipteridae)
|
|
|
Disk-winged bats (Thyropteridae)
|
|
|
Sucker-footed bat (Myzopodidae)
|
|
(Unnamed)
|
|
Free-tailed bats (Molossidae)
|
|
Vespertilionidae
|
|
|
Sac-winged bats (Emballonuridae)
|
|
Yinchiroptera
|
(Unnamed)
|
(Unnamed)
|
(Unnamed)
|
|
Horseshoe bats (Rhinolophidae)
|
|
Leaf-nosed and roundleaf bats (Hipposideridae)
|
|
|
False vampire bats (Megadermatidae)
|
|
|
Slit-faced bats (Nycteridae)
|
|
(Unnamed)
|
|
Hog-nosed bat (Craseonycteridae)
|
|
Mouse-tailed bats (Rhinopomatidae)
|
| |
|
Megachiroptera
|
|
Fruit Bats (Pteropodidae)
|
| |
|
Lipotyphla
|
Soricomorpha
|
(Unnamed)
|
Erinaceomorpha
|
|
Hedgehogs and Gymnures (Erinaceidae)
|
|
|
Shrews (Soricidae)
|
|
|
Moles, shew-moles, and desmans (Talpidae)
|
|
|
Solenodons (Solenodontidae)
|
|
|
Euarchontoglires
|
Archonta
|
(Unnamed)
|
Scandentia
|
|
Tree-shrews (Tupaiidae)
|
|
Pen-tailed tree-shrews (Ptilocercidae)
|
|
Dermoptera
|
|
Colugos / "Flying Lemurs" (Cynocephalidae)
|
|
|
Primates
|
(Unnamed)
|
Haplorhini
|
(Unnamed)
|
Simiiformesmonkey,monkeys,anthropoidea,simians
|
Catarrhini
|
Hominoideaapes
|
Great Apes (Hominidae)
|
Homininae
|
(Unnamed)
|
Homonini
|
(Unnamed)
|
(Unnamed)
|
(Unnamed)
|
Homohumans
|
(Unnamed)
|
(Unnamed)
|
(Unnamed)
|
|
Modern Humans (H. sapiens)homo
|
|
Neanderthals (H. neanderthalensis)homo
|
|
|
H. ergasterhomo
|
|
|
H. rudolfensishomo
|
|
|
H. habilishomo
|
|
(Unnamed)
|
|
Kenyanthropus
|
|
Paranthropus
|
|
|
|
Australopithecus
|
|
|
Praeanthropus
|
|
|
Ardipithecus
|
|
|
Chimps and Bonobos (Pan)troglodytes
|
|
|
Gorillas (Gorilla)
|
|
|
Orang-utans (Ponginae)orangutan
|
|
|
Gibbons (Hylobatidae)
|
|
|
Old World monkeys (Cercopithecoidea)
|
|
New World monkeys (Platyrrhini)
|
(Unnamed)
|
(Unnamed)
|
|
Pitheciidae
|
|
Atelidae
|
|
|
Cebidae
|
|
|
Aotidae
|
|
|
|
Tarsiiformes
|
|
|
Omomyidae
|
|
Strepsirrhini
|
(Unnamed)
|
Lemuriformes
|
Lemuroidea
|
(Unnamed)
|
|
Lemurs (Lemuridae)
|
|
Sportive lemurs (Lepilemuridae)
|
|
|
Indriidae
|
|
Cheirogaleoidea
|
|
Dwarf and mouse lemurs (Cheirogaleoidae)
|
|
|
Lorisiformes
|
|
Lorises (Lorisidae)
|
|
Galagos (Galagidae)
|
|
|
? Aye-aye (Daubentoniidae)
|
|
|
Adapiformes
|
|
|
|
Plesiadapiformes
|
|
|
Glires
|
Rodentia
|
(Unnamed)
|
(Unnamed)
|
Myodonta
|
(Unnamed)
|
|
Mice and Rats (Muridae)
|
|
Mole Rats (Spalacidae)
|
|
|
Jerboas (Dipodidae)
|
|
(Unnamed)
|
(Unnamed)
|
Geomyoidea
|
|
Pocket gophers (Geomyidae)
|
|
Pocket mice (Heteromyidae)
|
|
|
Beavers (Castoridae)
|
|
Anomoluromorpha
|
|
Springhare (Pedetidae)
|
|
Scaly-tailed flying squirrels (Anomoluridae)
|
| |
|
Ctenohystrica
|
Hystricognathi
|
(Unnamed)
|
(Unnamed)
|
Phiomorpha
|
|
Cane rats (Thryonomyidae)
|
|
Dassie Rat (Petromuridae)
|
|
|
Dune mole rats (Bathyergidae)
|
|
(Unnamed)
|
Caviomorpha
|
(Unnamed)
|
|
New-world porcupines (Erethizontidae)
|
|
Chinchillas (Chinchillidae)
|
|
|
Guinea Pigs, Capybaras, etc. (Caviidae)
|
|
|
Spiny-tailed rat (Echimyidae)
|
|
|
|
Long-tailed porcupine (Hystricidae)
|
|
|
Gundi (Ctenodactylidae)
|
|
|
Sciurimorpha
|
(Unnamed)
|
|
Squirrels (Sciuridae)
|
|
Mountain beavers (Aplodontidae)
|
|
|
Dormice (Gliridae)
|
|
|
Rabbits (Lagomorpha)
|
|
Rabbits and Hares (Leporidae)
|
|
Pikas (Ochotonidae)
|
| | |
|
Atlantogenata
|
Afrotheria
|
Paenungulata
|
Tethytheria
|
|
Hyracoidea
|
Sirenia
|
|
Manatees (Trichechidae)
|
|
Dugong (Dugongidae
|
|
|
Proboscidea
|
Elephantiformes
|
Elephantoidea
|
Euelephantoidea
|
(Unnamed)
|
|
Elephants (Elephantidae)mammoths
|
|
Gomphotheriidae
|
|
|
Ambelodontidae
|
|
|
Mastodons (Mammutidea)
|
|
|
|
Deinotheriidae
|
|
|
(Unnamed)
|
(Unnamed)
|
Tenrecoidea
|
Afrosoricida
|
|
Tenrecs (Tenrecidae)
|
|
Golden Moles (Chrysochloridae)
|
|
|
Tubulidentata
|
|
Aardvarks (Orycteropodidae)
|
|
|
Macroscelidea
|
|
Elephant Shrews (Macroscelididae)
|
| |
|
Xenarthra
|
Armadillos (Cingulata)
|
(Unnamed)
|
(Unnamed)
|
|
Glyptodontidae
|
|
Pampatheriidae
|
|
|
Extant Armadillos (Dasypodidae)
|
|
|
Peltephilidae
|
|
Pilosa
|
Sloths (Phyllophaga)Folivora
|
Folivora
|
(Unnamed)
|
(Unnamed)
|
|
Megatheriidae
|
|
Nothrotheriidae
|
|
|
Two-toed sloths (Megalonychidae)
|
|
(Unnamed)
|
|
Scelidotheriidae
|
|
Mylodontidae
|
|
|
|
Three-toed sloths (Bradypodidae)
|
|
Anteaters (Vermilingua)
|
|
True Anteaters (Myrmecophagidae)
|
|
Silky Anteater (Cyclopedidae)
|
| | | |
|
|
Eomaia
|
|
Metatheria
|
Marsupialiamarsupial
|
Ameridelphia
|
|
Didelphimorphia
|
Paucituberculata
|
|
Shew Opossums (Caenolestidae)
|
|
|
Australidelphia
|
(Unnamed)
|
Dasyuromorphia
|
|
Tasmanian Devil and relatives (Dasyuridae)
|
|
Numbat (Myrmecobiidae)
|
|
Tasmanian Wolf (Thylacinidae)
|
|
Peramelemorphia
|
Perameloidea
|
|
Bandicoots (Peramelidae)
|
|
Bilbies (Thylacomyidae)
|
|
|
Notoryctemorphia
|
|
Marsupial moles (Notoryctidae)
|
|
Microbiotheria
|
|
Monito del Monte (Microbiotheriidae)
|
|
|
Diprotodontia
|
(Unnamed)
|
Phalangeriformes*
|
|
Feather-tailed glider and possum (Acrobatidae)
|
|
Pygmy possums (Burramyidae)
|
|
Ringtail possums (Pseudocheiridae)
|
|
Petauridae
|
|
Possums (Phalangeridae)
|
|
Vombatiformes
|
|
Wombats (Vombatidae)
|
|
Koalas (Phascolarctidae)
|
|
|
Noolbenger (Tarsipedidae)
|
|
Macropodiformes
|
(Unnamed)
|
|
Musky rat-kangaroo (Hypsiprymnodontidae)
|
|
Potoroos and bettongs (Potoroidae)
|
|
|
Kangaroos and wallabies (Macropodidae)
|
| | |
|
|
Deltatheroida
|
|
|
Prototheriamonotremata,monotreme
|
|
Platypus (Ornithorynchidae)
|
|
Echidnas (Tachyglossidae)
|
|
|
|
Tritheledontidae
|
|
|
Therocephalia
|
|
|
Lissamphibiaamphibians
|
Salientia
|
Batrachia
|
Frogs (Anura)
|
Leiopelmatanura
|
Bombinanura
|
Discoglossanura
|
Pipanura
|
Neobatrachia
|
Ranoidea
|
(Unnamed)
|
|
Ranidae*
|
|
Rhacophoridae
|
|
Mantellidae
|
|
|
Arthroleptidae
|
|
Dendrobatidae
|
|
Hemisotidae
|
|
Microhylidae
|
|
Hyperoliidae
|
|
Petropedetidae
|
|
(Unnamed)
|
|
Myobatrachidae
|
|
Sooglossidae
|
|
(Unnamed)
|
(Unnamed)
|
|
Allophrynidae
|
|
Centrolenidae
|
|
(Unnamed)
|
|
Hylidae*
|
|
Pseudidae
|
|
|
|
Brachycephalidea
|
|
Bufonidae
|
|
Helophyrnidae
|
|
Leptodactylidae*
|
|
Rhinodermatidae
|
|
Mesobatrachia
|
Pelobatoidea
|
(Unnamed)
|
|
Pelodytidae
|
|
Pelobatidae
|
|
|
Megophryidae
|
|
Pipoidea
|
|
Pipidae
|
|
Rhinophrynidae
|
| |
|
|
Discoglossidae
|
|
|
Bombinatoridae
|
|
|
Leiopelmatidae
|
|
|
Ascaphidae
|
|
Salamanders (Urodela)
|
Neocaudata
|
Salamandroidea
|
(Unnamed)
|
(Unnamed)
|
(Unnamed)
|
(Unnamed)
|
|
Ambystomatidae
|
|
Dicamptodontidae
|
|
|
Salamandridae
|
|
|
Proteidae
|
|
|
Rhyacotritonidae
|
|
(Unnamed)
|
|
Amphiumidae
|
|
Plethodontidae
|
|
|
Cryptobranchoidea
|
|
Cryptobranchidae
|
|
Hynobiidae
|
|
|
|
Sirenidae
|
|
|
Cacaelians (Gymnophiona)
|
(Unnamed)
|
(Unnamed)
|
|
Scolecomorphidae
|
|
Caeciliidae*
|
|
Typhlonectidae
|
|
(Unnamed)
|
|
Ichtyophiidae
|
|
Uraeotyphlidae
|
|
|
|
Rhinaterematidae
|
|
|
|
Albanerpetontidae
|
|
|
|
Lungfishes (Dipnoi)
|
|
Ray-finned Fishes (Actinopterygii)
|
Neopterygii
|
Teleostei*
|
Elopocephala
|
Clupeocephala
|
Euteleostei
|
|
Neognathi
|
|
Salmon and relatives (Salmoniformes)
|
|
|
Otocephala
|
|
|
Eels and relatives (Elopomorpha)
|
|
|
Osteoglossomorpha
|
|
|
Pachycormidae
|
|
|
Cheirolepididae
|
|
|
Cartilaginous Fishes (Chondrichthyes)
|
|
Sharks and Rays (Neoselachii)
|
|
Holocephali
|
|
|
|
Jawless Fishes (Agnatha)
|
|
|
Tunicata
|
|
|
Sea stars, urchins, and cucumbers (Echinodermata)
|
|
Protostomes
|
Ecdysozoa
|
Arthropoda
|
Hexapoda
|
(Unnamed)
|
(Unnamed)
|
Insecta (Entognatha)insects
|
Dicondylia
|
Pterygota
|
(Unnamed)
|
Neoptera
|
Endopterygota
|
(Unnamed)
|
|
Coleopterabeetle,beetles
|
Neuropterida
|
|
Lacewings (Neuroptera)
|
|
Dobsonflies (Megaloptera)
|
|
Snakeflies (Raphidioptera)
|
|
|
(Unnamed)
|
|
Hymenopterabee,ant,wasp
|
(Unnamed)
|
Amphiesmenoptera
|
|
Lepidopterabutterfly,butterflies,moth
|
|
Caddisflies (Trichoptera)
|
|
Antliophora
|
(Unnamed)
|
|
Fleas (Siphonaptera)
|
|
Scorpionflies (Mecoptera)*
|
|
|
Flies (Diptera)
|
| |
|
|
Twisted-wing parasites (Strepsiptera)
|
|
Paraneoptera
|
Condylognatha
|
|
Hemiptera
|
|
Thrips (Thysanoptera)
|
|
Psocodea
|
|
Bark lice (Psocoptera)*
|
|
Lice (Phthiraptera)
|
|
|
Polyneoptera
|
Dictyoptera
|
(Unnamed)
|
|
Termites (Isoptera)
|
|
Cockroaches (Blattodea)
|
|
|
Mantids (Mantodea)
|
|
Anartioptera
|
Polyplecoptera
|
Plecopterida
|
Mystroptera
|
|
Zoroptera
|
|
Webspinners (Embiidina)
|
|
|
Stoneflies (Plecoptera)
|
|
|
Polyorthoptera
|
|
Dermapterida
|
Orthopterida
|
Notopterodea
|
Notoptera
|
|
Rock Crawlers (Grylloblattodea)
|
|
Gladiators (Mantophasmatodea)
| |
|
Panorthoptera
|
Holophasmatodea
|
|
Walking Sticks (Phasmatodea)
|
|
|
Grasshoppers, Crickets, and Katydids (Orthoptera)
|
| | | | |
|
|
Dragonflies (Odonata)
|
|
|
Mayflies (Ephemeroptera)
|
|
|
Silverfish (Zygentoma)
|
|
|
Bristletails (Archaeognatha)
|
|
|
Diplura
|
|
|
Springtails (Collembola)
|
|
|
Protura
|
|
Chelicerata
|
|
Arachnidaspiders,scorpions
|
|
Xiphosura
|
|
|
Myriapodacentipedes,millipedes
|
|
Crustaceacrustacean,shrimp,lobster,crab
|
|
Trilobitomorpha
|
|
|
Roundworms (Nematoda)
|
|
Lophotrochozoa
|
|
Snails, clams, squid, etc (Mollusca)octopus,oyster
|
|
Segmented worms (Annelida)
|
|
|
Flatworms and relatives (Platyzoa)
|
|
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Arnason, U et al. 2002 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.102164299
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the Tree of Life
2010 Philip Kahn & 